![]() In the next step, the two researchers screened items retrieved from the databases. The initial search retrieved 6293 articles. The time range was set from 2006 to the end of 2020 because most of the current popular social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have been created or open to the public since 2006. The search string was “AB(health) AND AB(“social media” OR “social network” OR Facebook OR LinkedIn OR Twitter OR Instagram OR Pinterest OR WeChat OR Weibo).” Additional restrictions (ie, published between 20, peer-reviewed scholarly journal article, full text available, and written in English) were added to the search requirement. In the first step, the researchers searched 12 databases through ProQuest and EBSCO, including important databases in public health, medical, and social science areas such as MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Psychology and Behavioral Science Collection, and Coronavirus Research Database. This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guideline to search and screen articles as shown in Figure 1. ![]() Searching Strategy and Inclusion Criteria By conducting a systematic review, we aimed to summarize social media use for health purposes, identify new uses that have emerged since 2013 as compared with Moorhead et al, and discuss research gaps and future directions for research in social media use for health purposes. Following Moorhead et al, this study reviewed articles published between 20 and categorized social media uses for health purposes in terms of user types, namely, health institutions, health researchers and professionals, and the public. However, multiple new uses have emerged between 20 given the rapid development of social media and the need for effective communication and infodemiology practice in the face of emerging health risks. The most recent comprehensive review of social media use for various health-related purposes was conducted by Moorhead et al and included studies published between 20. These reviews summarized social media as a tool for health interventions, health campaigns, medical education, disease outbreak surveillance, and health promotion and behavior change. Previous reviews about social media use for health mostly focused on using social media for a single health purpose. This review focuses on users purposively getting access to, sharing, and generating content on social media in order to achieve various health purposes. Health purposes include health-related goals such as health promotion, medical service and administration, health research, medical education and training, and health-related social movements. From a communication perspective, this paper emphasizes the communication features of social media and considers social media as a web 2.0–based platform for individuals to get access to, share, and generate content. They also emphasized that content being “created by users for users” is an important feature that distinguishes social media from traditional media. For example, McGowan et al defined social media as an online environment where users can contribute to the content and consume content mostly generated by other users. Other definitions focus on the communication features of social media that distinguish it from traditional media. For example, Kaplan and Haenlein emphasized that social media is a type of application based on the internet and web 2.0 technology. Some definitions focus on the technological features of social media that distinguish it from traditional technologies. Social media has been defined in different ways. A review of the state of the art can provide guidance for practitioners who intend to use social media and for researchers who intend to advance our understanding of social media use for health purposes.īefore reviewing social media use for health purposes, it is necessary to outline the scope of social media and health purposes. Among health professionals, 65% of radiologists across the United States and Europe use social media for various health-related reasons. For health organizations, more than 80% of US state health departments have social media accounts. Social media is used by 80% of cancer patients to connect with peers. For individuals, social media is a primary source of COVID-19 information for patients. Social media has been widely used in health contexts by various users.
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